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China Challenges India for Lead in Polishing Diamonds


FILE - Russian President Vladimir Putin, left, and India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi attend the inauguration of World Diamond Conference in New Delhi, Dec. 11, 2014.
FILE - Russian President Vladimir Putin, left, and India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi attend the inauguration of World Diamond Conference in New Delhi, Dec. 11, 2014.

India's long-held position as the world's top diamond polisher is being challenged by soaring output from China, compelling the South Asian country to seek help from ally and top rough diamond supplier Russia to defend its market share.

India has traditionally relied on the middlemen in trading hubs of Antwerp, Tel Aviv and Dubai for its supply of rough diamonds, which mainly come from Russia or Africa. Most of the world's diamond output is sent to India for cutting and polishing before being retailed around the world.

But China has managed to break the established trade route by getting diamonds directly from African mines in which Chinese companies have a stake. This has boosted the value of China's net exports of polished diamonds by 72 percent in the past five years to $8.9 billion.

While India's exports, supplied by firms such as Asian Star, Gitanjali Gems Ltd. and Venus Jewel, rose 49 percent to $14 billion over that time, shipments have seen a sharp drop this year.

"China's active procurement of rough supply from African countries was reducing the supply available to Indian manufacturers," said Sandeep Varia, an executive of Indian industry body Assocham. "Many units across the country had to lay off workers due to losses."

Market share grows

As a result, China's share of the global polished diamond market has tripled to 17 percent in the past decade, according to data from the United Nations. India's share has fluctuated between 19 and 31 percent.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who comes from the western state of Gujarat where the polishing industry is centered, has answered calls to bolster the diamond sector by persuading Russia to sell rough diamonds directly to India.

During President Vladimir Putin's visit to New Delhi this month, Russia's state-run diamond monopoly Alrosa signed a dozen deals to increase direct rough diamond deliveries to India that would help reduce the cut taken by middlemen in the secretive precious gems trade.

The direct deals would also reduce risks linked to Western sanctions imposed over Russia's annexation of Crimea, while Modi is additionally seeking arrangements that would allow Russian jewelry makers to send rough diamonds to India and reimport polished stones duty-free.

Tax, import rules

But to compete effectively with China, India will also need to streamline its tax and import rules, industry sources said.

"China is not going to displace India as the leading diamond polishing hub anytime soon, but India needs to reform its archaic tax rules to make the Indian diamond polishing industry more attractive for foreign miners,'' said Martin Rapaport, chairman of diamond and jewelry service firm Rapaport Group.

India is looking to build a special notified zone where companies can import rough diamonds on a consignment basis and re-export unsold ones, mirroring China's investor-friendly trading zones that avoid complicated export and import taxes.

"These are positive moves for the industry,'' said Mehul N. Shah, committee member of India's Bharat Diamond Bourse. "It will increase profit margins of the Indian diamond manufacturing industry and make it more competitive."

Despite China's upper hand in securing rough diamonds, its cutting and polishing industry is not as organized as India's and rising labor costs are a problem.

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    Reuters

    Reuters is a news agency founded in 1851 and owned by the Thomson Reuters Corporation based in Toronto, Canada. One of the world's largest wire services, it provides financial news as well as international coverage in over 16 languages to more than 1000 newspapers and 750 broadcasters around the globe.

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